{"id":279,"date":"2020-11-10T11:16:05","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T11:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/australianpianotrios.com\/?page_id=279"},"modified":"2024-07-24T10:37:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T10:37:22","slug":"greenbaum-stuart-b-1966-the-year-without-a-summer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/australianpianotrios.com\/?page_id=279","title":{"rendered":"Greenbaum, Stuart (b. 1966) &#8211; The year without a summer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-three-fifth fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:60%;width:calc(60% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.6 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-aligncenter\" style=\"--awb-max-width:600px;--awb-max-height:360px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:60%;\" ><iframe class=\"fusion-hidden\" data-privacy-type=\"youtube\" src=\"\" title=\"YouTube video player 1\" data-privacy-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kwYO7VFWY8w?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\"><\/iframe><div class=\"fusion-privacy-placeholder\" style=\"width:600px; height:360px;\" data-privacy-type=\"youtube\"><div class=\"fusion-privacy-placeholder-content\"><div class=\"fusion-privacy-label\">For privacy reasons YouTube needs your permission to be loaded.<\/div><a href=\"\" data-privacy-type=\"youtube\" class=\"fusion-button button-default fusion-button-default-size button fusion-privacy-consent\">I Accept<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h4 data-fontsize=\"28\" data-lineheight=\"38.08px\" class=\"fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"--fontSize:28; line-height: 1.36; --minFontSize:28;\">&#8220;Landscapes&#8221; Program note<\/h4>\n<p><i>The year without a summer<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i style=\"color: var(--body_typography-color); font-family: var(--body_typography-font-family); font-size: var(--body_typography-font-size); font-weight: var(--body_typography-font-weight); letter-spacing: var(--body_typography-letter-spacing);\">i. 1815 \u2013 and then the sky was filled with ash<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>ii. 1816 \u2013 the year without a summer<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stuart Greenbaum grew up in Melbourne, Victoria. He studied with Brenton Broadstock and Barry Conyngham at the University of Melbourne, and is currently Professor and Head of Composition at Melbourne Conservatorium of Music. Greenbaum has a catalogue of over 200 concert works across a wide range of genres, including five works for piano trio. His style, while grounded in classical tradition, has overt links to jazz, pop and minimalism.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The year without a summer was written in 2009, and was commissioned as part of the Trans-Tasman Composer Exchange between the Australian Music Centre and its New Zealand Counterpart, <i>SOUNZ<\/i>. This work was composed in a collaboration with the <i>NZTrio<\/i>, who premiered the work in Hamilton and Auckland in 2010. The work is inspired by the eruption of Mt Tambora on the island of Sambawa, Indonesia, on 11 April 1815. This event was the largest known volcanic eruption in that millennium, and besides the local, immediate devastation and loss of life, it sent an ash\/sulphur cloud high into the atmosphere, which eventually spread across the globe, causing global temperatures to drop between 0.5-1 degree Celsius, exacerbating the effects of the end of the \u2018Little Ice Age\u2019. The effects on human civilisation in the northern hemisphere were profound \u2013 summer temperatures were the coldest on record for that century, causing crops to fail and subsequent widespread famine and food shortages. There were massive floods in China and India due to the disruption of the monsoon. Malnutrition and weather conditions also gave rise to outbreaks of disease, such as cholera and typhus. The crop failures sparked mass migration in the USA to the northwest territories, and contributed to the establishment of Indiana and Illinois. In Switzerland, a gloomy wet summer by Lake Geneva inspired Mary Shelley\u2019s <i>Frankenstein<\/i>, and Lord Byron\u2019s poem <i>Darkness<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The first movement, <i>1815 \u2013 and then the sky was filled with ash<\/i> was intended by Greenbaum to \u2018ignite an atmosphere of apprehension \u2013 the approaching volcanic cloud \u2013 and to maintain this energy throughout.\u2019 The opening tutti unison repeated notes give way to constant falling scales under a melody passed between the strings. The middle section features fragments of the opening tutti, initially over strongly rhythmic piano chords, and then more quietly, alternating with the scale figure. After some extended technique use in the piano under a rhythmic ostinato in the strings, the scalic texture comes back fortissimo, eventually leading to a massive, thundering close left vibrating in the piano. The second movement, <i>1816 \u2013 the year without a summer<\/i>, begins with a solo cello line emerging out of the piano vibrations, eventually joined by the violin in the first rendition of the \u2018cantilena\u2019 theme. Alternations of the cantilena theme, and the piano theme introduced a few bars later, form the structural framework of the movement, as the themes are developed and explored across a range of keys. The movement little by little builds in intensity and drama towards an fff climax, which gives way to a stilted conversation between the violin and cello. The cantilena re-emerges, with the drama threatening to build again, however it subsides into the postlude, which draws on smaller and smaller fragments of the piano theme, until it is just a harmonised, falling minor-third gesture from the cello\u2019s opening, like the intake and exhale of a breath \u2013 here representing, according to Greenbaum, \u2018the final ebbing away of life \u2013 perhaps the last stages of starvation wreaked by the ensuing famine of 1816.\u2019<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_2_5 2_5 fusion-two-fifth fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:60px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:6px;width:40%;width:calc(40% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.4 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element in-legacy-container\" style=\"--awb-max-width:340px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1198\" height=\"1903\" title=\"Greenbaum-2017\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271198%27%20height%3D%271903%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201198%201903%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271198%27%20height%3D%271903%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"http:\/\/australianpianotrios.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Greenbaum-2017.jpg\" alt class=\"lazyload img-responsive wp-image-315\"\/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p data-fusion-font=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Stuart Greenbaum<\/p>\n<p>For more information about Stuart&#8217;s work, please visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stuartgreenbaum.com\/index.html\">his website<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>An in-depth work analysis by the composer can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stuartgreenbaum.com\/downloads\/files\/Without%20Summer-article.pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>To purchase a copy of the work, please visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.australianmusiccentre.com.au\/workversion\/greenbaum-stuart-year-without-a-summer\/24127\">Australian Music Centre<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p><span data-fusion-font=\"true\" style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Page background photo &#8211; 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